present
To date, although much research has been devoted to electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reactions involving ionic radicals of aromatic compounds in aprotic solvents [1], [2], the focus on reactions involving ionic perylene (PE) radicals is relatively small) [3 ] , [4], [5] are known as typical fluorescent molecules. This may be due to the complexity of ECL emission, even for cationic radicals (PE
+) and anionic radicals (PE−).That is, the answer between P.E+do sports−, it was observed that the excimer emission depends on the type of solvent and the concentration of PE, etc. [3], [5]. In addition, the formation of single PE states (1polyethylene*) in an energy-deficient reaction system between PEs, confirmed by triplet-triplet neutralization without excimer emission+i benzil anion radicals, i tri-str-Toluidinski cationski radical i PE−[4] Therefore, the long-wavelength excimer emission is independent of the energy gap that appears in the electron transfer reaction as a standard potential difference. Thus, the molecular aspects of the interactions that form the excimer emissions remain unclear.
This excited-state interaction in solution is difficult to observe with conventional ECL, using the single-electrode potential step method or the ring-disk electrode method. In contrast, the dual stop-flow electrolytic method developed by the authors allows the analysis since the range of observable ECL reactions is extended to energy-rich systems [6], [7].
To explain this in detail, the redox potentials of the aromatic compounds used in this work are shown in Figure 1. Using traditional methods, it is not possible to observe the reaction between the radical anion 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA).−) and polyethylene+Since PE reduction affects observations, PE should be performed simultaneously with DPA reduction.
In contrast, in the stop-flow method of double electrolysis, ECL can be observed in an optical element by mixing two solutions after the generation of cation radicals and anion radicals, respectively. Therefore, this method can target different reactions of energy-sufficient systems. Indeed, the emission spectrum of the ECL reaction indicated by the arrow in Figure 1 can be observed in this paper.
Systematic investigation of several ECL systems involving PE+do sports−, some clear investigation of the interactions leading to long-wavelength emissions is possible. Through these discussions, the purpose of this exchange is to show how the electrolytic double-stop flow method can efficiently analyze excited-state molecular interactions to produce complex emissions, which have never been explained before.
partial fragment
experimental
The details of the stopped-flow double electrolysis method have already been described [7]. The use of two electrode columns, in which the carbon wool is tightly packed, allows the quantitative formation of cation radical solutions in one column and anion radical solutions in the other in a very short time. In this work, a 2-s constant current pulse electrolysis was used to generate two ionic radicals. Immediately after applying the electrolysis pulse to the double electrodes,
ECL reaction between PE
+do sports−
Due to the ECL reaction between PE+do sports−It can be studied by conventional electrochemical methods and it has been reported that the ECL emission involving PE varies significantly depending on the type of solvent, especially in benzonitrile or acetonitrile (AN) [3]. In this work, in order to elucidate the interactions that form the long-wave components in the ECL emission, AN was used as a solvent, since the emission can be intensively observed in this solvent [3].
Figure 2 shows the absorbance
in conclusion
Dual stop-flow electrolytic ECL measurements showing that long-wavelength ECL emission is observed in the PE reaction+s PE−and PE reaction+s PY−.Different from other ECL systems i.e. PE+– DPA−, polyethylene−– DPA+do sports−– Th+, emissions must come from1polyethylene*.
Accounting for differences in PE responses+– PY−do sports+– DPA−etc., as the most likely emission source, the formation of π-deposits
Thanks
This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture in the field of Electrochemical Science Research at Ordered Interfaces, number 11118239.
Quote from (11)
Electrochemiluminescence impedance of perylene in acetonitrile
2004, Journal of electroanalytical chemistry
The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of perylene (PE) was studied by electrochemical measurements involving a new transfer function in the frequency domain. When a sufficient voltage is applied between two platinum electrodes in acetonitrile containing PE, the radical cation PE+i PE anionic radical−It is formed at the anode and cathode electrodes, respectively, by the PE reaction+s PE−Fluorescent. This luminescence is measured by a chemiluminescence detector connected to an electrochemical flow analysis cell. ECL impedance, the ratio of luminescence amplitude to current, is measured with a frequency response analyzer. The ECL impedance shows frequency dispersion because the ECL has an induction period due to the diffusion process after electrolysis. The ECL mechanism is discussed by comparing the experimental ECL impedance results with the theoretical equation.
Recent applications of electrochemiluminescence in chemical analysis
2001, talent
The analytical application of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was reviewed with emphasis in 1997-2000. Recent developments in ECL of organics, metal complexes and clusters, cathodic ECL on oxide-covered electrodes, ECL-based immunosensors, DNA probe assays, and enzyme biosensors are described. Mechanisms are given for PAHs, luminol/hydrogen peroxide, some cathodic ECL reactions, and ruthenium complexes with and without covalents. New developments and improvements in techniques and instruments and their application to analysts are described. Applications of ECL for visualization of electrochemical processes and surface painting are reported.
Synthesis, electrochemistry and electrochemiluminescence of two additional BODIPY dipyridine homologues
2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society
Electrochemiluminescence systems as devices and sensors
2010, Electrochemistry of Functional Supramolecular Systems
ECL - Electrochemiluminescence
2007, Annual Report on Progress in Chemistry - Part C
Effect of surface immobilization on electrochemiluminescence of ruthenium-containing metal polymers
2006, Analytical Chemistry
Featured Articles (6)
research article
Sensitive, Rapid, and Quantitative Detection of Substance P in Serum Samples Using an Integrated Microfluidic Immunochip
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 58, 2014, Pages 186-192
Microscopic diagnostic devices promise to accelerate the specific and sensitive detection of various biomarkers, which could be transferred to many areas of medicine - from cheaper clinical trials to early diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases. Therefore, we report a comprehensive single-use capillary immunoassay on a chip based on a microfluidic ELISA format that combines electrochemical detection and low-cost fabrication using Vacrel photoresist dry film®8100. Easily accessible carboxyl groups on the surface of the material allow rapid and highly efficient immobilization of biomolecules via active esters using amine-specific coupling without laborious surface pretreatment. An integrated microfluidic system provides a convenient platform for flow immunoassays. Capillary forces are used to facilitate the delivery of reagents and the filling of chip channels. We used the developed microfluidic immunochip to rapidly quantify serum levels of substance P, a potential biomarker of acute neuroinflammation. Our microscopic assay shows sensitive electrochemical detection of 15.4 pgml of antigen−1(11.5 pM) using only 5 μl of biological fluid while halving the total test preparation time and reducing the reading time to 10 min. The combination of microfluidics suitable for large-scale production and the ability to fabricate and test clinically relevant samples has enabled the fabrication of inexpensive and portable point-of-care diagnostic devices with minimal supporting electronics.
research article
Spectral and self-assembly properties of a series of asymmetric pyrene derivatives
Chinese Chemical Letters, Volume 25, Number 2, 2014, p. 237-242
A number of pyrene derivatives with different asymmetric substituents were successfully synthesized and characterized. The geometric electronic structures of the asymmetric pyrene derivatives were obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results of photophysical spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis show that the optical or electrical properties of pyrene derivatives can be tuned by adjusting the length of the π-conjugation of the substituents. In addition, SEM observed a highly organized morphology by the phase change self-assembly method.
research article
Transient spectroscopic study of the photoreaction of naphthoquinone with N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine in mixtures of ionic liquid [BPy][NTf2] and acetonitrile
Journal of Molecular Liquids, Volume 312, 2020, Article 113394
The role of pyridine ionic liqsYes-Butylpyridine bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([BPy][NTf2]) The photolysis behavior of 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) in acetonitrile solution was investigated using the nanosecond transient absorption technique. When [BPy][NTf2] exists in solution, a triad3Net Mladost.It breaks down more slowly and has a longer half-life. Photogenerated electron transfer rate constants NQ iYes,Yes,Yes',Yes«-Tetrametil-str-Fenilendiamin (TMPD) και prisutnosti [BPy][NTf2] lower than that measured in acetonitrile, but of the same order as the estimated diffusion-controlled rate constant. This finding suggests that [BPy][NTf2] can be used as a suitable solvent for electron transfer reactions. The speed of the photoinduced electron transfer reaction depends not only on the viscosity but also on the microstructure of the solvent.
research article
Photometric determination of phosphate injection flow on PDMS microchips using an optical detection system assembled with organic light-emitting diodes and organic photodiodes
Talent, volume 132, 2015, pp. 96-105
A compact photometric detector made of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), based on europium complexes, europium (dibenzoylmethane).3(Subfenantrolin) (Eu(DBM)3bath), as a light source and an organic photodiode (OPD) consisting of two layers of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/fullerene (C60) as a photodetector on a microchip made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and applied for phosphate determination. OLEDs and OPDs were fabricated by vapor deposition on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates with the following layered structure. glass (0.7 mm)/ITO (110 nm)/4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-diphenyl (α-NPD) (30 nm)/4,4'- bis(N-carbazolyl)diphenyl (CBP): Eu3+(8 wt.%, 30 nm)/batocuproin (BCP) (30 nm)/aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3) (25 nm)/Magnesium and lead bridge (MgAg) (100 nm)/Ag (10 nm) και stack (0.7 mm)/ITO (110 nm)/CuPc (35 nm)/C60(50nm)/BCP (10nm)/Ag (50nm), respectively. OLEDs based on europium complexes emit bright light at a wavelength of 612 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 8 nm. The performance of the assembled photometric detector was evaluated based on absorbance measurements of different concentrations of malachite green (MG) solutions in a batch system with a long path of 1 cm. The molar absorption coefficient of the MG solution calculated from the OPD photocurrent is in good agreement with the values reported in the literature. Two-inlet, one-outlet U-shaped channel microchips were fabricated by conventional photolithography. The OLED and OPD are configured to face each other in parallel through the PDMS microchip so that the optical axes of the OLED and OPD are aligned with the output of the flow cell (optical path length 5 mm) located at the tip. For the determination of phosphate, using the ion binding reaction between MG and molybdenum phosphate complex, a good linear relationship between concentration and absorbance was observed in the concentration range of 0-0.2 ppm, with a detection limit (Yes/Yes=3) 0.02 ppm. The assembled photometric detector was also applied to the determination of phosphate by flow injection of river water samples using a sulfuric acid reagent solution containing MG and ammonium molybdenum. River water samples spiked at 0.08 ppm had good recoveries (97–99%) with an RSD of approximately 5% (n=5) is obtained using the embedded system.
research article
Efficient p-phenylene-based OLEDs with interfacial mixed exciplex emission
Acta Electrochemical Sinica, Volume 182, 2015, Pages 524-528
Organic electronics, mainly thanks to the advancement of OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) technology, is a rapidly growing field of research and has revolutionized the display market. This work presents the use of emission exciplex and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in OLEDs. This is shown by electrochemical characterization sixstr-Phenylene derivatives in optoelectronic devices and opens up the possibility of using the compounds as OLED emitters. In these OLED devices, selenophene-based compounds with a "heavy atom effect" have been identified as potential emitters when it comes to the exciplex effect.
research article
Cu(I) anthracene compounds with fluorescence and two-photon absorption properties
Acta Inorganska kemija, Volume 528, 2021, Article 120633
Novi ligand (large), 2-(2,3,6,7-tetramethoxy-9-(pyridin-2-yl)-9,10-dihydroanthracen-10-yl)pyridine, was designed and synthesized. The anthracycline in the ligand is bent and cannot form a large conjugated system with a π-bond. Ligands have no fluorescence or other optical properties. When the ligand and copper nitrate (CuNO3) to form the plural (1), [cubic copper3], the anthracycline became magically flat, and the maximum deviation of all atoms in the anthracycline from the anthracycline level was only 0.05873 A. complicated (1) has a large two-photon absorption cross-section and strong fluorescence properties. complex nonlinear absorption (1) (in DMF) measured using an open-aperture Z-scan technique at a wavelength of 532 nm. Z-scan experimental results show that the cluster (1) has a significant nonlinear light absorption effect and the two-photon absorption cross section is σ=5969.78 GM. ligand (large) and composite (1) are thermally stable with a melting point of 169°C (large), i 297°C (1), respectively. Their properties indicate their possible application.
Copyright © 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.